Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 思

Modern (Beijing) reading: sī

Preclassic Old Chinese: sǝ

Classic Old Chinese: sǝ

Western Han Chinese: sǝ

Eastern Han Chinese: sjǝ

Early Postclassic Chinese: sjɨ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: sjɨ

Late Postclassic Chinese: sjɨ

Middle Chinese: sjɨ

English meaning : to think, think of, long for, ponder, brood

Russian meaning[s]: 1) думать, мыслить; размышлять; мысль, идея; мышление; ум; 2) вспоминать о..., тосковать по (ком-л.); думы; 3) скорбеть, оплакивать; 4) древн. его (конечная частица, аналогичная 之); [sī sì] 1) замысел; 2) колорит (напр. произведения); [sāi] бородатый, усатый

Shuowen gloss: 睿也.從心從ク凡思之屬皆從思.

Comments: Also read *sǝ-s, MC sjɨ̀ (FQ 相吏) id. (in modern Chinese the 去聲 reading is lost). Another frequent use of the character is for a homonymous particle *sǝ - a pre-syllable word extender or prosodic particle; line filler at end of line.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 8387

Karlgren code: 0973 a

Shijing occurrences: 1.2, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 26.4, 26.5, 27.3, 27.4, 28.4, 30.2_, 33.3_, 38.4, 39.1_, 39.4, 44.1, 44.2, 48.1, 48.2, 48.3, 54.2, 54.4_

Character: 怠

Modern (Beijing) reading: dài

Preclassic Old Chinese: Ł(h)ǝ̄ʔ

Classic Old Chinese: Ł(h)ǝ̄́

Western Han Chinese: lǝ̄́ (~ Łh-)

Eastern Han Chinese: l(h)ǝ̄́

Early Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ǝ̄́

Middle Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ǝ̄́

Late Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ǝ̄́j

Middle Chinese: dл́j

English meaning : to neglect, be neglecting

Russian meaning[s]: 1) лень; ленивый; лениться; 2) упустить из виду; не обратить внимания

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 8372

Character: 急

Modern (Beijing) reading: jí

Preclassic Old Chinese: kǝp

Classic Old Chinese: kǝp

Western Han Chinese: kǝp

Eastern Han Chinese: kǝp

Early Postclassic Chinese: kip

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kip

Late Postclassic Chinese: kip

Middle Chinese: kip

English meaning : be urgent, hurrying

Russian meaning[s]: 1) быстрый, поспешный; торопливый; торопиться, спешить; 2) срочно необходимый, экстренный; срочная нужда; острый момент; критическое положение; 3) волноваться, нервничать; 4) затруднения, нужда; трудности

Comments: Regular Sino-Viet. is cấp; another colloquial loan is kíp 'urgent, pressing'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 8361

Karlgren code: 0681 g

Vietnamese reading: gấp

Character: 怎

Modern (Beijing) reading: zěn

Russian meaning[s]: как?, каким образом?, почему?

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 8417

Character: 怨

Modern (Beijing) reading: yuàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔʷans

Classic Old Chinese: ʔwanh

Western Han Chinese: ʔwanh

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔwanh

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔwàn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔwǝ̀n

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔwǝ̀n

Middle Chinese: ʔwǝ̀n

English meaning : to resent, bear resentment, dissatisfaction

Russian meaning[s]: 1) злобствовать; быть озлобленным; озлобление; 2) роптать; ропот; недовольство; 3) вражда; враг; 4) копить, накоплять

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 8489

Karlgren code: 0260 c

Vietnamese reading: oán

Character: 恍

Modern (Beijing) reading: huǎng

Preclassic Old Chinese: hʷāŋʔ

Classic Old Chinese: hwā́ŋ

Western Han Chinese: hwā́ŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: hwā́ŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: hwā́ŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hwā́ŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: hwā́ŋ

Middle Chinese: xwấŋ

English meaning : flurried; confused [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) дикий, безумный; 2) обескураженный; разочарованный; быть в отчаянии

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 7335

Karlgren code: 0706 j

Character: 恰

Modern (Beijing) reading: qià

Preclassic Old Chinese: khrǝ̄p

Classic Old Chinese: khrǝ̄p

Western Han Chinese: khrǝ̄p

Eastern Han Chinese: khrǝ̄p

Early Postclassic Chinese: khǝ̣̄p

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khiǝ̣̄p

Late Postclassic Chinese: khiǝ̣̄p

Middle Chinese: khạ̈p

English meaning : exactly, very well [Tang]

Russian meaning[s]: как раз, в самый раз; кстати, во-время, к счастью, весьма удачно

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 1176

Karlgren code: 0675 m

Go-on: kefu

Kan-on: kafu

Character: 恨

Modern (Beijing) reading: hèn

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)ǝ̄nʔs

Classic Old Chinese: g(h)ǝ̄nh

Western Han Chinese: gǝ̄nh (~ ɣ-)

Eastern Han Chinese: gǝ̄nh (~ ɣ-)

Early Postclassic Chinese: gǝ̄̀n (~ ɣ-)

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gǝ̄̀n (~ ɣ-)

Late Postclassic Chinese: gǝ̄̀n (~ ɣ-)

Middle Chinese: ɣʌ̀n

English meaning : to hate, be angry [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) ненавидеть; ненависть, злоба; вражда; 2) досадовать; досада; негодование; 3) сожалеть

Comments: Probably a derivate from 很 q.v. Regular Sino-Viet. is hận; the initial gi- in the colloquial variant is rather strange (is it a chance coincidence?).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 5765

Karlgren code: 0416 f

Vietnamese reading: giận

Character: 恢

Modern (Beijing) reading: huī

Preclassic Old Chinese: sm(h)ǝ̄j

Classic Old Chinese: (s)m̥ǝ̄j

Western Han Chinese: (s)m̥ǝ̄j

Eastern Han Chinese: m̥ǝ̄j

Early Postclassic Chinese: hwǝ̄j

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hwǝ̄j

Late Postclassic Chinese: hwǝ̄j

Middle Chinese: khoj

English meaning : great, extend; complete [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) широкий, обширный; перен. великодушный; 2) восстанавливать

Comments: MC kh- is not quite clear.

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 5474

Karlgren code: 0950 b

Character: 恆

Modern (Beijing) reading: héng

Preclassic Old Chinese: gǝ̄ŋ

Classic Old Chinese: gǝ̄ŋ

Western Han Chinese: gǝ̄ŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: gǝ̄ŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: gǝ̄ŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gǝ̄ŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: gǝ̄ŋ

Middle Chinese: ɣʌŋ

English meaning : be constant, go on

Russian meaning[s]: 1) постоянный, неизменный; длительный; 2) неподвижный; недвижимый; 3) обычный, рядовой; 4) Хэн (фамилия)

Comments: Also read *kǝ̄ŋ-s, MC kл̀ŋ, Mand. gèng 'to spread out, reach everywhere'. A metaphorical usage of *kǝ̄ŋ-s, attested already in Shijing, is 'light of the moon spreading out' > 'full moon, to increase to the full (of the moon)'. Viet. hằng 'moon' (poet.) obviously goes back to this usage, although the MC reading kл̀ŋ was substituted by the standard reading of the character, ɣлŋ.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 520

Karlgren code: 0881 d-e

Vietnamese reading: hằng

Character: 恃

Modern (Beijing) reading: shì

Preclassic Old Chinese: dhǝʔ

Classic Old Chinese: dhǝ́

Western Han Chinese: dhǝ́

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒhǝ́

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒhɨ́

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́hɨ́

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́hɨ́

Middle Chinese: ʒ́ɨ́

English meaning : to depend on, rely on

Russian meaning[s]: 1) доверяться; опираться; опора; перен. мать; 2) зазнаваться; самонадеянность

Comments: For *dh cf. Chaozhou chi⁴.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 3163

Karlgren code: 0961 y

Character: 恬

Modern (Beijing) reading: tián

Preclassic Old Chinese: lhēm

Classic Old Chinese: lhēm

Western Han Chinese: lhjam

Eastern Han Chinese: lhjam

Early Postclassic Chinese: dhjem

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dhjem

Late Postclassic Chinese: dhjem

Middle Chinese: diem

English meaning : calm, tranquility

Russian meaning[s]: тихий, спокойный, безмятежный

Comments: For *lh cf. Xiamen thiam², Fuzhou thaŋ².

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 1300

Karlgren code: 0621 b

Character: 恫

Modern (Beijing) reading: dòng

Preclassic Old Chinese: ƛ(h)ōŋ

Classic Old Chinese: ƛ(h)ōŋ

Western Han Chinese: l̥ōŋ (~ ƛh-)

Eastern Han Chinese: l̥ōŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: thōŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: thōŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: thwōŋ

Middle Chinese: thuŋ

English meaning : be pained

Russian meaning[s]: запугивать; [tōng] 1) больно; болеть (за); 2) с болью, с грустью

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 3781

Karlgren code: 1176 k

Character: 恪

Modern (Beijing) reading: kè

Preclassic Old Chinese: khāk

Classic Old Chinese: khāk

Western Han Chinese: khāk

Eastern Han Chinese: khāk

Early Postclassic Chinese: khāk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khāk

Late Postclassic Chinese: khāk

Middle Chinese: khâk

English meaning : to respect, revere

Russian meaning[s]: 1) уважать; соблюдать (напр. порядок); 2) осторожно, внимательно

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 1393

Karlgren code: 0766 g

Character: 恤

Modern (Beijing) reading: xù

Preclassic Old Chinese: swhit

Classic Old Chinese: sw̥it

Western Han Chinese: sw̥jǝt

Eastern Han Chinese: sjwǝt

Early Postclassic Chinese: sjwit

Middle Postclassic Chinese: sjwit

Late Postclassic Chinese: sjwit

Middle Chinese: sjwit

English meaning : to take care, be anxious, zealous

Russian meaning[s]: 1) помогать; поддерживать; дать пенсию; 2) печалиться, горевать, жалеть; сочувствовать; 3) делать добро; подавать (милостыню); 4) Сюй (фамилия)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 735

Karlgren code: 0410 e

Shijing occurrences: 35.3

Character: 扁

Modern (Beijing) reading: biǎn

Preclassic Old Chinese: pēnʔ

Classic Old Chinese: pḗn

Western Han Chinese: pjā́n

Eastern Han Chinese: piā́n

Early Postclassic Chinese: piḗn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: piḗn

Late Postclassic Chinese: piḗn

Middle Chinese: píen

English meaning : be flat and thin

Russian meaning[s]: 1) плоский, тонкий, листовой, пластинчатый; 2) Бянь (фамилия); [piǎn] маленький

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 63

Four-angle index: 3695

Karlgren code: 0246 a

Character: 拜

Modern (Beijing) reading: bài

Preclassic Old Chinese: prēts

Classic Old Chinese: prēć

Western Han Chinese: prjāś

Eastern Han Chinese: priāś

Early Postclassic Chinese: piẹ̄ś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: piẹ̄̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: piẹ̄̀j

Middle Chinese: pạ̈̀j

English meaning : to bend, (bend hands in salute:) to salute

Russian meaning[s]: 1) поклон; с поклоном; кланяться, поклоняться; приветствовать; наносить визит; 2) поднести (подарок); предложить (пост); назначить на должность; 3) Бай (фамилия)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 2556

Karlgren code: 0328 a-c

Vietnamese reading: bái

Shijing occurrences: 16.3_

Character: 挖

Modern (Beijing) reading: wā

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔrūt

Classic Old Chinese: ʔrwǝ̄t

Western Han Chinese: ʔrwǝ̄t

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔrwǝ̄t

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔwǝ̣̄t

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔwiǝ̣̄t

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔwiǝ̣̄t

Middle Chinese: ʔwạ̈t

English meaning : to dig [Han]

Comments: Originally written without the "hand" radical.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Dali Bai: ua2

Bijiang Bai: ua2

Character: 按

Modern (Beijing) reading: àn

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔāns

Classic Old Chinese: ʔānh

Western Han Chinese: ʔānh

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔānh

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔā̀n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔā̀n

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔā̀n

Middle Chinese: ʔần

English meaning : to repress, stop

Russian meaning[s]: 1) удержать; приостановить; придавить рукой; остановить, задержать; 2) поддержать; взять; 3) исследовать; ревизовать; исследование; справка; 4) выговаривать; осуждать; 5) поступать согласно...; в соответствии с...; согласно (чего-л.); на основании; с точки зрения; по; с; 6) идти в...; пойти за...; 7) после чего; после этого

Comments: Sch.: perhaps inverse form of *ʔān 安 (cause to be calmed).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 8831

Karlgren code: 0146 d

Character: 拼

Modern (Beijing) reading: pīn

Russian meaning[s]: 1) рисковать (жизнью); схватиться насмерть; 2) составить, сложить; 3) сложиться; в складчину; [biàn] хлопать в ладоши, вм. 抃; [fèn] вымести; выбросить; [fān] лететь стремительно, вм. 翻

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 2762